The operating system is the software foundation of any digital device. It manages all hardware and software resources, making it the primary target of cyberattacks. Failure to regularly check and analyze vulnerabilities exposes the user or organization to major risks. The operating system is the software foundation of any digital device. It manages all hardware and software resources, making it the primary target of cyberattacks. Failure to regularly check and analyze vulnerabilities exposes the user or organization to major risks.

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Data integrity is the cornerstone of the reliability of all digital information. It ensures that data is accurate, complete, and has not been altered or corrupted by accident (disk failure, transmission error) or malicious intent (virus, manipulation).

The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines data integrity as data that “has not been modified or destroyed in an unauthorized manner.” Failure to verify data integrity exposes the user or organization to major risks: use of corrupted files, execution of altered programs, or inconsistency in professional records.

Source : https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/data_integrity